Deployments
Humanoids work on fenced lines in car plants and warehouses, not yet among the public
UBTech sold 1,079 Walker S2 units in 2025, mostly to Chinese automakers. Agility Robotics' Digit has moved more than 100,000 totes at GXO in a fenced work cell. Figure retired its BMW Spartanburg pilot fleet on November 19, 2025. Tesla says its first production-quality Optimus units came off the line in October 2026.
| Deployment | Developer / operator | Where | Scale | Autonomy | Status | Controls declared |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Figure 02 at BMW Spartanburg | Figure AI / BMW | BMW plant, Spartanburg, South Carolina | Pilot fleet; retired Nov 19, 2025 (Nov 2025) | Supervised autonomy | Retired | Not disclosed |
| UBTech Walker S2 | UBTech / Chinese automakers and factories | Chinese auto plants | 1,079 sold in 2025 (2025) | Supervised autonomy with autonomous battery swap | Commercial | Autonomous battery swap keeps units on shift |
| Agility Digit at GXO | Agility Robotics / GXO Logistics | GXO warehouses | 100,000+ totes moved (2025) | Autonomous in a fenced work cell | Commercial (robots as a service) | Fenced cell separated from workers |
Recent events
- Omdia counts AgiBot at 5,168 and Unitree at 4,200 humanoids shipped in 2025.
- A Unitree H1 flailed violently while suspended from a crane in a video that circulated on July 19, 2025.
- A former Figure safety engineer sued the company on November 21, 2025, alleging his warnings about injury risk were ignored.
- 1X sells its NEO home robot with remote teleoperation by company staff for tasks it cannot do alone.
- Boston Dynamics has committed Atlas units to Hyundai plants and to Google DeepMind.
Attack surface
Four of ten attack-surface dimensions rate very significant or critical
No dimension rates critical. Ratings use five levels, from limited to critical, and cover the paths an attacker or a failure can take into the agent.
| Dimension | Rating | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Physical access | Significant | Charging ports, maintenance interfaces, payload compartments, and emergency override switches present direct contact surface |
| Identity and authentication | Significant | Operator credentials, fleet management accounts, and maintenance accounts each represent compromise paths |
| Command and control channels | Very significant | Teleoperation interfaces, fleet management APIs, voice and natural language command channels, and on-device control systems |
| Perception and sensors | Very significant | Cameras, depth sensors, lidar in some models, microphones, IMU and proprioception |
| Connectivity surface | Significant | WiFi, cellular, Bluetooth for accessories, wired interfaces for diagnostics |
| OTA and update pipeline | Very significant | Firmware, motion planning, perception models, and behavioral policies all flow through the OTA pipeline |
| Data capture and retention | Significant | Continuous environmental video, audio, and operational telemetry |
| Integrations and permissions | Moderate | Facility access systems, IoT devices, paired tools, building management integration |
| Behavioral and policy boundary | Very significant | Action-layer policy, force limits, protected action classes, and task whitelists are the controls that bound physical capability |
| Multi-agent coordination | Moderate, growing | Current humanoid fleets are small and loosely coordinated |
Incidents
No registry incident involves humanoid robots yet
The 137AI Incident Registry logs an incident when an agent's failure or misuse caused harm or a regulator acted, and public sources name the developer, the failed control and how it was found. No humanoid robots case meets that bar yet. Candidates go on the review list in the registry methodology.
Rules
No binding rule covers humanoids as a category; general machinery and robot standards apply
| Rule | Jurisdiction | What it requires | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| ISO/CD 25785-1 | International | Safety requirements for dynamically stable legged robots | Committee draft |
| ANSI/A3 R15.06-2025 | US | Industrial robot and system safety, harmonized with ISO 10218 | Published 2025 |
| MIIT Guiding Opinions on humanoid robots | China | National targets for humanoid development and supply chain | Issued 2023 |
| MIIT and TC08 humanoid standards system | China | Framework for humanoid safety and performance standards | 2026 |
| EU Machinery Regulation 2023/1230 | EU | Covers machines with self-evolving behavior; replaces the Machinery Directive | Applies from Jan 20, 2027 |
Status colors: green in force, blue voluntary standard or framework, amber adopted and phasing in, gray draft or pending, red withdrawn.
Record
Page Record
- Agent class
- Physical
- Datasets
- ai_deployments.csv (3 rows for this page); ai_attack_surface.csv (10 rows); ai_incidents.csv (0 linked)
- Key sources
- Omdia humanoid robot shipment estimates, 2025
ISO/CD 25785-1 committee draft - Last verified
- October 2026